Capacitive moisture measurement

ABSTRACT

This application discloses apparatus for the measurement of moisture in grain and other materials. It weighs the sample as added, to ensure a constant sample weight; it dumps the sample in a predictable manner into a capacitive cell; it effects a capacitive measurement and compensates for the temperature of the specimen. The measurement of capacitance provides a measure of the moisture content.

United States Patent 1 51 3,681,685 Tarry et al. [4 1 Aug. 1, 1972 [54] CAPACITIVE MOISTURE 2,603,422 7/1952 Sargeaunt ..236/91 MEASUREMENT FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS [72] Inventors: Robert James Tarry, Winnipeg,

Manitoba; Johannes Krieuaars 1,003,062 3/1952 France ..177/210 St. Boniface, Manltoba; Ronald D.

Lord, Transcona, Manitoba, all of Canada [73] Assignee: Cae Industries Ltd.

[22] Filed: Jan. 22, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 5,014

[52] US. Cl ..324/61 [51] Int. Cl. ..G0lr 27/26 [58] Field of Search ..324/61, 65; 177/210, 232

[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,607,828 8/1952 Razek ..324/61 3,226,635 12/1965 Moe ..324/61 2,759,147 8/1956 Stein ..324/61 3,000,064 9/1961 Dietert et a1 ..22/89 John Deere Model 4 Moisture Meter-Operator s Manual OM- N69- 460. June 7, 1.960. Cover pp. 1- 16.

Primary Examiner-Stanley T. Krawczewicz Attorney-Cushman, Darby & Cushman [5 7 ABSTRACT This application discloses apparatus for the measure- 9 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTED M18 1 I972 SHEET t BF 7 .IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII:

FIG.5Y

PATENTEflms 1 1912 SHEET 7 BF 7 CAE INDUSTRIES LTD. A E D RUM WHEAT AMPLE WEIGHT= 100 GRAMS USE GRAM Mo'sfure Masfer ISNITIAL T.C. SETTING COUNTERWEIGHT *T-C. DIAL MOISTURE *rc. DIAL MOISTURE 1112c. 01/11. MOISTURE 51:1 READING PERCENTAGE SET READING PERCENTAGE SET READING PERCENTAGE as 40. o 10. 99 3s 54. 5 14. 06 35 69, 1, 35 40.5 11.10 35 55.0 14.17 35 69 17 3 41.0 11. 2o 35 5s. 5 14.28 35 no 35 35 41.5 11.31 35 56.0 14.38 35 5 11 as 42.0 11.41 35 56.5 14.49 35 7 1156 35 42. s 11. 52 35 51. 0 14. 59 35 71.5 17. 35 43.0 11.63 35 57.5 14. 70 35 7 0 17 7 35 43.5 11.73 35 58.0 14.81 35 72. 5 17 33 35 44.0 11.84 35 58.5 14.91 35 73.9 17 99 35 44.5 11.94 35 59.0 15.02 35 73 5 5 9 35 45.0 12.05 35 59.5 15.12 35 7.; 1&20 35 45. 5 12.16 35 60. 0 15. 23 35 74 5 1 30 35 46.0 12.26 35 60.5 15.34 35 75 0 1&4 35 46.5 12.37 35 61.0 15.44 35 75 5 13 53 35 47.0 12.47 35 61.5 15.55 35 7(, 1 z 35 47.5 12.58 35 62.0 15.65 35 7(, 5 13,73 35 48.0 12.69 35 62.5 15.76 35 77,0 153.3 35 48. 5 12.79 35 63.0 15.87 35 77 5 15 94 35 49.0 12.90 35 63.5 15.97 35 7&0 19 05 35 49.5 13.00 35 64.0 16.08 35 7&5 19 15 35 50.0 13.11 35 64.5 16.18 35 79,0 193 35 50. 5 13.22 35 65.0 16.29 35 51.0 13.32 35 65.5 16.40 35 51.5 13.43 35 66.0 16.50 35 52.0 13.53 35 -66.5 16.61 35 52.5 13.64 35 67.0 16.71 35 53.0 13.75 35 67.5 16.82 35 53.5 13.85 35 68.0 16.93 35 54.0 13.96 35 68.5 17.03

*YEMPERATURE COMPENSATION INl/f/VTO/FS P0355 7 ETA/WES 7 3 ale/V5005 656 52 L/SWRS Pay/0N0 Boyd-4H5 v 0 A? 0 CAPACITIVE MOISTURE MEASUREMENT This invention relates to improvements in the measurement of parameters such as moisture content of particulate or granular material.

One example of the type of measurement to which the present invention can be applied is the measurement of moisture content in samples of grain. It is well known that some indication of the moisture content in a sample of grain can be obtained by either a resistivity measurement or a capacitance measurement. Measurements based on electrical conductivity do not appear capable of an acceptable accuracy unless the sample is first ground to a flour, and either weighed or compressed to a predetermined value. For this reason, measurements based on electrical resistivity are hardly practical and the present invention relates to measurement of parameters such as moisture content in bulk samples by measurement of electrical capacitance.

According to the present invention, apparatus adapted to measure capacitance-affecting parameters of particulate or granular material comprises: a sample receiving receptacle; spring means by which the receptacle is supported; indicating means providing an indication when the weight of material received by the receptacle reaches a predetermined value; a capacitance cell including spaced metal surfaces; dump means by which the material in the receptacle can be dumped into the cell to act as a dielectric between the said metal surfaces; an oscillatory circuit, the operating frequency of which is determined by the capacitance of q the said cell; temperature sensitive means associated with the cell and adapted automatically to effect a change in the said operating frequency compensatory of any frequency change caused by deviation of the temperature of the said cell; discriminatory means arranged to receive the output from the said oscillatory circuit and to provide an indication of the sense of the deviation of the operating frequency of that circuit from a predetermined value; calibrated adjustment means by which the frequency of the said oscillatory circuit can be independently adjusted to restore it to the said predetermined value; whereby an operator, can, by operating the adjustment means to reduce the said deviation of the operating frequency to zero, obtain from the calibration of the adjustment means an indication of the value of the said parameter.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a moisture measuring unit suitable for ascertaining the moisture content in a bulk sample of grain; 7

FIG. 2 is a pictorial plan view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 with a cover removed;

FIG. 3 is an underneath view of the unit shown in FIG. 1 with part of the lower casing broken away to show detail normally concealed;

FIG. 4 is a sectional side elevation of a measuring cell indicated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional side elevation similar to FIG. 4, but showing the movable parts in an alternative operating position;

FIG. 6 is a sectional side elevation of part only of the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and is drawn to a larger scale than those Figures; further, the parts are shown in the third working position;

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of moisture measuring means including the cell shown in FIGS. 4 and 5; and

FIG. 8 is a representation of a calibration chart (one of a set of such charts) used with the apparatus shown.

Referring first to FIG. I, the moisture measuring unit 1 is in the form of a rectangular box 3 provided with a carrying handle 5 and having a removable cover 7 normally held in place by two toggle-type catches 9. Disposed inside the box 3 is a measuring cell 11. The measuring cell 11 includes a base plate 13 formed of electrically insulating dielectric material mounted by the pillars 14 on a faceplate 15 itself bolted to the sides of box 3.

This base plate 13 is formed (see FIGS. 4 and 5) with a circular central aperture 17, and with two shallow grooves 19 and 21 in its upper surface, the grooves being concentric with the aperture 17. An outer cylinder 23 formed of aluminum rests onthe plate 13 with its lower end entered in the outer groove 21, and an inner cylinder 25 also formed of aluminum also rests on plate 13 with its lower end entered in the inner groove 19. The annular space 27 defined by these two cylinders forms a capacitive cell. An insulating sleeve 28 extending through an aperture in faceplate l5 and engaging the upper end of outer cylinder 23 positions and holds in place cylinder 23.

The upper end of inner cylinder 25 is substantially closed by an annular plate 29 formed of an electrically insulating dielectric material carrying at its center a flanged cylindrical boss 31 having a central bore in which is mounted an upwardly extending tube 33. The upper end of the tube carries a bush 35 service as a guide for a vertical metal rod 37 which at its upper end is secured to a plunger 39 and which extends down from that plunger through the bush 35, the tube 33, the

inner cylinder 25 and the aperture 17 in base plate 13, j

- wardly converging wall 49 which is a continuation of the lower end of the cylindrical wall 47 and partly by an annular dump plate 51 which slopes downwardly and in the position shown in FIG. 4.

To the lower end of the rod 37 is pivotally connected a block 61 of insulating material and the rod with the parts carried by it is biassed upwardly by a leaf spring 63 anchored at one end through a rotatable bar 65 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) to the base plate 13 and fixed at the other end to the insulating block 61. This block 61 also carries a bent metal strip 67 having a downwardly extending part 67A which, as the rod 37 moves up and down, passes with only a small spacing a facing vertical part 69A of a similar metal strip 69 supported on an insulating pillar 71 from the base plate 13. The inner cylinder 25 is grounded through the roll pin.

It will be seen that the spring 63 will normally tend to hold the chamber 43 up in the position shown in FIG. 4, the block 61 engaging the bottom of base plate 13 so that an appreciable pre-tension exists in the spring 63. The amount of pretension can be changed by rotating bar 65. When granular material such as grain is fed into the chamber 43, nothing will happen until about 95 percent of the desired sample weight has been added. At that point, the total weight of the rod 37 and the parts carried by it will exceed the preloading force of the spring 3 and the whole assembly will commence to move downwardly. Strip part 67A, which forms a first plate of a capacitor, will start to go out of mesh with part 69A of strip 69, which forms a second plate of this capacitor. When the sample in the chamber 43 reaches approximately 105 percent of the desired weight, the capacitor plates will be fully out of mesh. At this point, the underside of the top part of the plunger 39 will butt against the bush 35, as shown in FIG. 6, and further downward movement of the plunger 39 is prevented. It will be understood that the intention is not to provide other than 100 percent of the proper specimen weight, but the present description indicates how the apparatus would operate when so overfilled.

As will be explained later, the operation so far described can be used to effect a weighing of the proper amount of material into the chamber 43 to carry out a moisture content test, and the next step is to transfer the measured weight of material into the annular space 27 forming the actual capacitance cell.

When force is now applied to the upper end of the tube 41, the plunger 39 is moved downwards until its lower end butts against the upper end of the boss 31. Further force will spring split-ring 55 out of the recess 57 in the plunger 39, and will permit the tube 4 to move downwardly over the plunger 39.

Reverting to the chamber 43, three stops 73 are provided spaced evenly round the periphery of the cylindrical wall 37. The location of stops 73 is such that the stops engage the top of sleeve 28 shortly after split ring 55 springs out of the recess 57. Thus continued downward movement of the tube 41 carries with it the dump plate 51 but continued movement of chamber bottom wall 49 is prevented, so opening an annular opening between these two parts through which the granular material in the chamber 43 is dumped into the space 27.

Referring now to FIG. 7, in this Figure the outer cylinder 23 and the inner cylinder 25 of the capacitive cell are indicated diagrammatically while the capacitorformed by the facing parts 67A and 69A is indicated as a capacitor C20. This capacitor forms part of an oscillator circuit 81, the active element in which is a transistor Q2, and it will be seen that the cell 11 also is part of this oscillator circuit. Thus any change in the value of either capacitance will change the oscillator frequency.

The output from oscillator circuit 81 is fed through a buffer amplifier 83 to a fixed-tuned discriminator circuit 85, whose output will be positive or negative d.c. depending upon whether the oscillator frequency is above or below the frequency to which the discriminator is tuned. When the oscillator frequency equals the tuned discriminator frequency, the output from the discriminator is zero. A center zero meter M1 provides an indication of the magnitude and polarity of the output from the discriminator.

Automatic temperature compensation is provided by a temperature sensing element in the form of two thermistors R4A and R48 included in a temperature compensation circuit 87 which is used to control the bias voltage of a varactor diode CR3 which is connected in parallel with the cell 1.

In FIG. 7 the various components of the circuit are indicated in conventional manner and are given reference numerals which are listed below with details of the actual components used.

TRANSISTORS DIODES Q1 2N3855A CR1 6.2 volts Q2 2N3663 CR3 BA 102 CR4 IN87A CR5 IN87A CR6 IN87A CR7 IN87A Capacitors (in picofarads) Resistors (in ohms) CI 7,500 R1 160 C2 56 R2 3,010 C3 3 .3 R3 1 ,820 C4 47 R4A 47,000 (thermistor) C6 470 R48 47,000 (thermistor) C7 7,500 R5 22,000 C8 82 R6 48,700 C9 7,500 R7 39,200 C10 7,500 R8 220,000 C11 2,700 R9 to R28 each 36,000 C13 7,500 R29 1 5 C14 7,500 R30 22,000 C15 12 R30A 22,000 C16 7,500 R31 22,000 C17 1.3-5.4 R32 22,000 C18 3.35 R33 1,000 C19 3.35 R34 10,000 C20 R35 10,000 C21 3,--l0 R36 8,200 C22 R37 220,000 R38 270,000 R39 4,700 R40 4,700 R41 47,000 R42 22,000 R43 1 5 R44 1 20 R45 470 R46 22,000 R47 1 0,000 R48 22 R49 820 The circuit also includes a first switch S1 (TENS of temperature compensation setting) having ganged moving contacts SlA'and SIB, a second switch S2 (U- NITS of temperature compensation setting), and a third switch S3 (FUNCTION switch) having ganged moving contacts 83A, 83B, S3C and S3D.

Calibration of the equipment takes place in the factory, and this is effected with no material in either the chamber 43 or the space 27 by the use of a calibration procedure using a predetermined test capacitor. Capacitor C21, which is connected in parallel with the cell 11, has a scale graduated in divisions 0-100, and the test capacitor is applied in parallel to this capacitor C21. The capacitor C18 can be used as a substitute for the cell as filled with grain having a predetermined percentage moisture content and switched in to permit checking of the proper setting of the oscillator frequency. Capacitor C19 can be preset to correspond to the weight of the desired sample, and clearly this setting can readily be effected using orthodox scales to weigh accurately a proper sample, and putting this weighed sample into the chamber 43 with switch S3 at position 3 and bringing the meter M1 to read 0 by proper adjustment of capacitor C17.

It will be seen from FIG. 4 that the resistor R4A is mounted on the outside of the outer cylinder 23, in intimate contact with that cylinder and this senses the grain temperature. A second thermistor R48 is mounted near the surface of the box 3 to sense ambient temperature. As can be seen in FIG. 7, these resistors R4A and R4B are connected into a bridge circuit, and the constants of this bridge circuit are such that when the temperature of thermistor R4A is 72 F, the bridge output (voltage across resistor R7) is zero. At'any other temperature, the bridge output voltage will be proportional to the difference between the cell temperature and 72 F. The output will be negative or positive, depending upon whether the cell temperature is below or above 72 F.

As shown in FIG. 7, the output from the bridge controls the bias voltage of the varactor'diode CR3, which is connected in parallel with the cell 1 1. The magnitude of this control voltage can be set by means of external control switches S1 and S2 to allow for variations in temperature coefficients between various grains to be tested. Thus the operator of the machine is provided with a set of charts listing the various grains with which the machine is to be used, and indicating the appropriate settings of the control switch contacts 31A and SIB and S2. FIG. 8 shows one such chart.

The apparatus described above is used as described below:

1. Install the unit on a level surface. This is necessary to obtain accurate weighing.

2. Set the TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Selector Switches S1 and S2 to the value indicated on the calibration chart (see FIG. 8) for the grain or seed to be tested. The T. C. setting for a number of grains and seeds will change with moisture percentage. If such is the case, set the T. C. selector switches to the Initial T. C. setting shown at the top of the respective chart.

'3. Lift the Loading Dump Mechanism until it locks in the weighing position by pulling up the center post (tube 41) in the cell. Make sure that the bottom portion of the grain cup is centered properly on its conical seat. Ensure that the three pins on the grain cup are clear of storage slots formed in sleeve 28 by rotating the grain cup (item 47).

4. Note the sample weight in grams on the calibration chart (normally 100 grams). A number of grains and seeds are weighed in either 60 or 80 gram samples and require a counter weight (40 grams or grams) called up on the chart. If required slide the required counterweight over the center post of the grain cell.

5. Switch the FUNCTION switch S3 to position 1 TEST BATTERY. Press the POWER toggle switch toward you. The meter should read in the green area at end of scale indicating that the battery is serviceable. This switch is spring loaded and must be held on.

6. FUNCTION switch to position 2 CALIBRATE.

Rotate moisture dial to 50. Press the POWER toggle switch and adjust the CALIBRATE control (capacitor C20) until the meter reads zero (in the red area).

7. FUNCTION switch to position 3 WEIGH. Press the POWER toggle switch and pour the grain sample slowly into the grain cup, distributing the sample evenly. Initially the meter needle will be far to the left of zero, but when approximately percent of the required sample weight has been poured into the cup, the meter needle will start to move toward the center of the scale. Slowly pour some more grain into the cup until the meter reads zero. If the meter reads to the right of zero, use a spoon to remove some of the sample until the meter reads zero.

NOTE: It is good practice when the zero point has been reached to gently tap the box with your finger to remove any possible source of friction.

8. If a counterweight was used, remove the weight from the center post and return it to its storage position on the lid. Distribute the sample evenly in the cup with your finger and then strike the top of the center post firmly with your finger (in a downward motion) to release the trip mechanism. The sample will now flow into the measuring cell. REMOVE THE GRAIN CU'P before proceeding further and ensure that the center post cannot be pushed down any further.

9. If the sample temperature is different from the meter temperature, allow 1 /2 to 2 minutes for the meter to stabilize.

10. FUNCTION switch to position 4 READ MOISTURE; press the POWER switch and adjust the Moisture Master dial (capacitor C21) until the meter reads zero. Return the switch to position 2 CALIBRATE. If the meter does not read zero adjust the CALIBRATE control to obtain a zero reading. Then switch back to position 4 READ MOISTURE and turn the dial for zero meter readmg.

l 1'. Note the dial reading and cross refer to the relevant calibration chart (FIG. 8) for the actual moisture percentage. If the T. C. switches were set to the Initial T. C. setting as explained in step 2, cross refer the dial reading to the calibration chart and note the T. C. setting opposite the dial read ing. If it is the same as the llnitial T. C. setting, read the moisture percentage. If it is not the same, reset the TC setting to that noted on the chart and repeat Step I0. If necessary repeat this step until there is no change in the T. C. setting, allowing you to accurately determine the moisture percentage.)

12. Empty the cell by grasping the cover latches and turning the meter upside down. Return loading dump mechanism to storage position.

NOTE: Switch position 5 READ TEMPERA- TURE is provided to give an indication if the temperature of the sample and/or the cell is within the range of the automatic temperature compensation circuit. The meter reading should be within -I 8 to +25 divisions on the scale.

In operation, the change in capacitance caused by the operation of the bridge under the control of the thermistors R4A and R4B is equal and opposite to the change in the capacitance of the sample produced by the said temperature difference. The second thermistor R4B is desirable, since due to thermal losses, which vary with the ambient temperature, thermistor R4A cannot sense the actual grain temperature. The error is a function of the ambient temperature, and thermistor R4B provides compensation It will be seen that the moisture meter which has been described above is simple to operate and does not require any prior preparation of the sample. No external weighing of the sample is necessary, and yet the measurement of moisture content is carried out on a sample of accurately known weight. Experience has shown that consistent moisturemeasurements are obtained only if the manner of packing the material being measured into the capacitive cell is the same from test to test, and the apparatus described effects dumping of the same mass of material from the same height in the same pattern from test to test.

The feature of automatic temperature compensation avoids the need to apply corrections to the readings obtained from the apparatus. All that is necessary is to set the control switches to suit the particular material being tested in accordance with a first simple instruction chart, and to interpret the scale reading of the capacitor C21 on a second equally simple chart.

The moisture measuring apparatus described above can be used with materials other than grain samples. When so used, its readings are basically a measure of the mass dielectric constant of the material being tested, and therefor in a set of samples having some variable parameter, which parameter affects the dielectric properties of the test specimen as a whole, the apparatus can be used to provide an indication of the value of that parameter.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. Apparatus for measuring a capacitance-effecting parameter of a certain mass of particulate material, such as the moisture content of grain samples, comprising:

a. a supporting frame;

b. receptacle means for receiving a sample of particulate material;

c. spring means mounting the receptacle means with respect to the supporting frame, said spring means being sufficiently strong as to avoid substantially deflecting and thereby moving the receptacle with respect to the frame when the receptacle is empty, but insufficiently strong to prevent such deflection at the point when the receptacle has received a quantity of particulate material equalling said certain mass;

d. means sensitive to movement of the receptacle for indicating when said receptacle has moved due to deflection of said spring means, thereby providing an indication of when the receptacle has received said certain mass of particulate material;

e. a capacitance cell including at least two spaced capacitor plates, said cell being disposed to receive said certain mass of particulate material when the latter is dumped from said receptacle;

f. means for dumping said certain mass of particulate material from said receptacle into said capacitance cell from a constant height with respect to the capacitance cell whereby the certain mass of particulate material forms a dielectric between the capacitor plates of said cell;

g. an oscillatory circuit including said capacitanc cell, said capacitance cell being the frequency determining element of said oscillatory circuit;

h. temperature sensitive means effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit for automatically compensating for any expected oscillation frequency change in said circuit due to deviation of the temperature of the capacitance cell from a preselected standard temperature;

i. means for sensing the oscillation frequency of said oscillatory circuit; and

j. calibrated means effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit for adjusting the oscillation frequency of said circuit, whereby the amount of adjustment needed to restore the oscillation frequency to a preselected value when said cell contains said certain mass of particulate material, can be ascertained as a measure of capacitance-affecting parameters of the certain mass of particulate material.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

the movement sensitive means (d) is constituted by a first capacitor plate mounted on said receptacle to move therewith and a second capacitor plate mounted with respect to the housing, the two capacitor plates being juxtaposed and effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit whereby, when particulate material is being introduced into said receptacle, initiation of movement of the receptacle with respect to the supporting frame will change the disposition of the first and second capacitor plates relative to one another, thus affecting an oscillation frequency change in said oscillatory circuit, sensible by said oscillation frequency sensing means as an indication that the receptacle contains at least said certain mass of particulate material.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

the receptacle is of circular horizontal cross-sectional shape having a floor;

said cell being constituted by two tubular plates, mounted coaxially beneath the receptacle, and a floor of electrically insulating material;

and wherein said receptacle includes as said dumping means:

x. a coaxial, annular movable floor portion;

y. means for axially moving said annular floor portion from registry with the remainder of the floor of said receptacle for angularly-uniformly dumping the particulate material between the tubular capacitor plates of said cell.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for axially moving said annular floor portion includes manually overrideable latch means for normally holding the annular floor portion in registry with the remainder of the floor of said receptacle.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said annular floor portion and the remainder of the floor of said receptacle, when in registry, are V-shaped in vertical radial section, having a downwardly presented apex at the juncture of the annular floor portion and said remainder.

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive means include a resistive bridge circuit including in one of its arms a temperature sensitive resistor, and that resistor is mounted on one of the said spaced capacitor of the said cell.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature sensitive means also includes a second temperature sensitive resistor, that resistor is arranged to sense the ambient temperature, and that resistor is connected in the said bridge circuit in such a manner that it serves to compensate for errors in the indication by the first temperature sensitive resistor which arise from heat exchange between the cell and the surrounding atmosphere.

8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further including a semiconductor device capable of functioning as a capacitor;

the output voltage of the bridge circuit being applied as a bias voltage to said semiconductor device connected to act as a capacitor and having a capacitance which varies with dependence upon the applied bias voltage, and this semiconductor device is connected in the said oscillatory circuit. 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said calibrated adjustment means is a variable capacitor included in the oscillatory circuit and effective to vary the operating frequency of that circuit.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,681,685 Dated August 1. 1972 Inventor(s) Robert James Terr-y et a1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Priority: Canadian Serial Number 060,762, filed August 29, 1969-- Signed and sealed this 6th day of March 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents USCOMM-DC 60316-069 U S. covumulm rumnnr. OFFICE 1969 n-lovsu 

1. Apparatus for measuring a capacitance-effecting parameter of a certain mass of particulate material, such as the moisture content of grain samples, comprising: a. a supporting frame; b. receptacle means for receiving a sample of particulate material; c. spring means mounting the receptacle means with respect to the supporting frame, said spring means being sufficiently strong as to avoid substantially deflecting and thereby moving the receptacle with respect to the frame when the receptacle is empty, but insufficiently strong to prevent such deflection at the point when the receptacle has received a quantity of particulate material equalling said certain mass; d. means sensitive to movement of the receptacle for indicating when said receptacle has moved due to deflection of said spring means, thereby providing an indication of when the receptacle has received said certain mass of particulate material; e. a capacitance cell including at least two spaced capacitor plates, said cell being disposed to receive said certain mass of particulate material when the latter is dumped from said receptacle; f. means for dumping said certain mass of particulate material from said receptacle into said capacitance cell from a constant height with respect to the capacitance cell whereby the certain mass of particulate material forms a dielectric between the capacitor plates of said cell; g. an oscillatory circuit including said capacitance cell, said capacitance cell being the frequency determining element of said oscillatory circuit; h. temperature sensitive means effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit for automatically compensating for any expected oscillation frequency change in said circuit due to deviation of the temperature of the capacitance cell from a preselected standard temperature; i. means for sensing the oscillation frequency of said oscillatory circuit; and j. calibrated means effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit for adjusting the oscillation frequency of said circuit, whereby the amount of adjustment needed to restore the oscillation frequency to a preselected value when said cell contains said certain mass of particulate material, can be ascertained as a measure of capacitance-affecting parameters of the certain mass of particulate material.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the movement sensitive means (d) is constituted by a first capacitor plate mounted on said receptacle to move therewith and a second capacitor plate mounted with respect to the housing, the two capacitor plates being juxtaposed and effectively incorporated in said oscillatory circuit whereby, when particulate material is being introduced into said receptacle, initiation of movement of the receptacle with respect to the supporting frame will change the disposition of the first and second capacitor plates relative to one another, thus affecting an oscillation frequency change in said oscillatory circuit, sensible by said oscillation frequency sensing means as an indication that the receptacle contains at least said certain mass of particulate material.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the receptacle is of circular horizontal cross-sectional shape having a floor; said cell being constituted by two tubular plates, mounted coaxially beneath the receptacle, and a floor of electrically insulating material; and wherein said receptacle includes as said dumping means: x. a coaxial, annular movable floor portion; y. means for axially moving said annular floor portion from registry with the remainder of the floor of said receptacle for angularly-uniformly dumping the particulate material between the tubular capacitor plates of said cell.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for axially moving said annular floor portion includes manually overrideable latch means for normally holding the annular floor portion in registry with the remainder of the floor of said receptacle.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said annular floor portion and the remainder of the floor of said receptacle, when in registry, are V-shaped in vertical radial section, having a downwardly presented apex at the juncture of the annular floor portion and said remainder.
 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive means include a resistive bridge circuit including in one of its arms a temperature sensitive resistor, and that resistor is mounted on one of the said spaced capacitor of the said cell.
 7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature sensitive means also includes a second temperature sensitive resistor, that resistor is arranged to sense the ambient temperature, and that resistor is connected in the said bridge circuit in such a manner that it serves to compensate for errors in the indication by the first temperature sensitive resistor which Arise from heat exchange between the cell and the surrounding atmosphere.
 8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further including a semiconductor device capable of functioning as a capacitor; the output voltage of the bridge circuit being applied as a bias voltage to said semiconductor device connected to act as a capacitor and having a capacitance which varies with dependence upon the applied bias voltage, and this semiconductor device is connected in the said oscillatory circuit.
 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said calibrated adjustment means is a variable capacitor included in the oscillatory circuit and effective to vary the operating frequency of that circuit. 